Aktivitas amilase bakteri amilolitik asal larva black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v87i2.341Keywords:
enzim ekstrak kasar, Proteus sp., termostabilAbstract
Abstract
Amylase is an enzyme that has been widely used as a biocatalyst in foodand bioethanol industries. The availability of thermostable amylase will further expand the market and extend the shelf life of this enzyme. Amylase is produced by amylolytic bacteria using media with high-costnitrogen sources, such as pepton. Black soldier fly (BSF) is a potential source of amylolitic bacteria since its ability to degrade organic matters rapidly. This research aimedtoexploreamylolitic bacteria from the larvae of BSF with highest amylase activity that can be produced using low-cost media. The screening ofamylase activity was conducted by culturing the bacteria on starch containing media.Bacteria with the highest amylase activity were cultured in liquid media with twodifferentnitrogensources (urea and nitrate). Determinations of the optimum pH and temperature for this enzyme activity were carried out in the pH range 4to 7 and temperature 35to 65 ºC. Three amylase-producing isolates were obtained in this study. M1 isolate which has the highest activity was characterized based oncatalase activity and Gram staining. The results showed that the M1 isolate mightbelong togenus Proteussp. At the optimum condition (45ºC and pH 7), amylase activityin nitrate mediawas0.791U/mL, which was about 18-folds higher than that in ureamedia (0,041U/mL). Thus, amylase isolated from BSF larvae can be classified as a mesophilic enzyme and has the potential to be developed commercially at lower production costs.
[Keywords:crude extract enzyme,Proteus sp.,thermostable]
Abstrak
Amilase merupakan salah satu enzim yangtelah digunakan secara luas sebagai biokatalis dalam industri pangan dan bioetanol.Ketersediaan amilase termostabil akan semakin memperluas pasar dan memperpanjang daya simpan enzim ini. Selama ini, produksi amilase dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan bakteri amilolitik menggunakan media dengan sumber nitrogen yang mahal, misalnya pepton. Black soldier fly (BSF) merupakan sumber bakteri amilolitik yang potential karena BSF memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi bahan organik dengan cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bakteri amilolitik dengan kemampuan amilase tinggi yang dapat diproduksi menggunakan media yanglebihmurah.Skrining bakteri penghasil amilase dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan bakteri pada media yang mengandung pati. Bakteri dengan aktivitas amilase tertinggi dikulturkan dalam media cair dengan dua sumber nitrogenyang berbeda, yaitu urea dan nitrat. PenentuanpH dan suhu optimum aktivitas enzim ini dilakukan pada rentang pH 4sampai 7 dan suhu 35sampai 65 ºC.Tiga isolat penghasil amilase diperoleh dalam penelitian ini. Isolat M1 yang memiliki aktivitas tertinggi dikarakterisasi berdasarkan uji katalasedan uji pewarnaan Gram. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa isolat M1 termasukgenus Proteus sp. Pada kondisi optimum (suhu 45oC dan pH 7), aktivitas amilase pada media nitrat adalah 0,791 U/mL, lebih kurang 18 kali lebih tinggi dibanding aktivitas pada media urea (0,041 U/mL). Dengan demikian, amilase yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri asallarva BSF merupakan enzim mesofilik dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan secara komersial dengan biaya produksi yang lebih murah.
[Kata kunci: enzim ekstrak kasar, Proteussp.,termostabil]
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