Extraction and characterization of humic acid from plantation’s solid organic waste composts Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi asam humat dari kompos limbah padat organik perkebunan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v68i2.141Keywords:
Humic acid, solid organic-waste, biodecompositionAbstract
Ringkasan
Kompos dari limbah padat organik (LPO) perkebunan memiliki kandungan asam humat yang relatif tinggi. Namun, metode ekstraksi dan karakteristik asam humat asal kompos tersebut belum banyak diteliti. Oleh karena itu suatu rangkaian penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan memperoleh paket teknologi ekstraksi dan menetapkan karakteristik asam humat asal kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), kulit buah kakao (KBK), dan sisa pangkasan teh (SPT). Pengomposan dilakukan melalui tahapan pengumpulan limbah organik padat perkebunan, pencacahan, pencampuran dengan bioaktivator, inkubasi dan pemanenan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstraksi konvensional dengan larutan NaOH dalam atmosfer udara dapat digunakan untuk ekstraksi skala semi pilot. Jumlah asam humat yang dihasilkan dari kompos asal TKKS dan SPT lebih banyak apabila dibandingkan dengan asam humat asal kompos KBK. Waktu inkubasi pengomposan dan metode ekstraksi dengan gas N2 atau udara yang digunakan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap perolehan asam humat. Pemurnian asam humat asal ketiga jenis LPO perkebunan dengan menggunakan kolom Sephadex G-50 mengindikasikan bahwa asam humat asal kompos TKKS, KBK, dan SPT tersebut memiliki fraksi bobot molekul rendah serta didominasi oleh asam amino aspartat dan glutamat. Konsentrasi asam amino dan senyawa karboksilat tertinggi terdeteksi pada asam humat asal kompos SPT.
The plantation’s solid organic waste (SOW) composts contain relatively high humic acid (HA) substances. However, there is little information on extraction and characteristics of HA from the SOW-originated composts. An investigation has been conducted to determine extraction and characterisation of HA from empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFBOP), cocoa pod husks (CPH), and tea cutting residues (TCR). Composting was conducted using the method that involved SOW collection, shredding, mixing with bioactivator, incubation, and harvesting. The results showed that conventional extraction method using NaOH solution under air atmosphere could be used for pilot scale extraction of humic acids (Has). Amount of humic acid from EFBOP and TCR were higher than that of CPH. The composting period and the extraction method under air or N2 gas were not significantly affected the amount of the humid acid obtained. Purification of HA extracted from EFBOP, TCR, and CPH composts by using Sephadex G-50 column indicated that EFBOP, TCR, and CPH contained HAs with lower molecular weight fractions and predominated by aspartic and glutamic acids. The highest concentration of amino acids and carboxyl compounds were detected in the TCR-originated compost
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