The development of somatic embryos of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) on solid media *) Perkembangan embrio somatik tanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada medium padat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v73i2.155Keywords:
Embryo maturation, Metroxylon sagu, plantlet regeneration, sago palm, somatic embryogenesisAbstract
Summary
Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is
usually propagated vegetatively by suckers.
However, the limited availability of uniform
suckers is a major obstacle in the establishment
of cultivated sago plantations. Tissue culture has
the potential for large-scale mass clonal
propagation of superior genotypes of sago palm.
In vitro culture of sago palm has been established
through somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic
callus derived from shoot apical tissue of young
suckers was cultured on a modified Murashige
and Skoog (MMS) medium containing 30 g/L
sucrose, 2 g/L Gelrite, 1 g/L activated charcoal,
5.0 mg/L 2,4-D, and 0.1 mg/L kinetin to induce
somatic embryos. Callus clumps formed somatic
embryos within four weeks. In the subsequent
culture, approximately 0.3 g initial globular
callus grown on MMS medium containing 1.0
mg/L kinetin, 0.01 mg/L ABA and 0.1 mg/L GA 3
produced 140 to 200 somatic embryos at different
developmental stages four weeks later. All stages
of developing embryos with different sizes
and colors were present at any one time of
culture. Secondary (repetitive) somatic embryo-
genesis was also found in the culture.
Transferring of the mature stage of somatic
embryos to solid media with half-strength macro salts and with sucrose at concentration of 20 or 30 g/L without growth regulators led to the development of normal plantlets.
Ringkasan
Tanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)
biasanya diperbanyak secara vegetatif dengan
tunas anakan. Namun, terbatasnya ketersediaan
tunas anakan yang seragam merupakan
hambatan utama dalam pembukaan perkebunan
sagu. Teknologi kultur jaringan mempunyai
potensi untuk perbanyakan klonal tanaman sagu
unggul dalam skala besar. Kultur in vitro
tanaman sagu telah dikembangkan melalui
embriogenesis somatik. Kalus embriogenik yang
berasal dari eksplan pucuk tunas anakan
dikulturkan pada medium modifikasi Murashige
dan Skoog (MMS) dengan sukrosa 30 g/L,
Gelrite 2 g/L, arang aktif 1 g/L, 2,4-D 5 mg/L
dan kinetin 0,1 mg/L untuk menginduksi embrio
somatik. Kalus membentuk embrio somatik
dalam waktu empat minggu. Dalam kultur
berikutnya, dari kurang-lebih 0,3 g embrio fase
globuler yang dikulturkan pada medium MMS
dengan kinetin 1,0 mg/L, ABA 0,01 mg/L dan
GA 3 0,1 mg/L menghasilkan 140 sampai 200
embrio somatik dengan fase perkembangan yang
berbeda-beda. Embrio somatik dalam semua
fase perkembangan dengan ukuran dan warna
yang berbeda-beda ditemukan setiap saat dalam
kultur. Di samping itu, embriogenesis somatik
sekunder (berulang) juga terjadi dalam kultur
sagu. Embrio somatik fase dewasa bila
dipindah ke medium padat dengan garam makro
setengah konsentrasi dan sukrosa pada
konsentrasi 20 atau 30 g/L tanpa zat pengatur
tumbuh akan menjadi planlet normal.
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