Morphological variations during the development of somatic embryos of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in vitro Keragaman morfologi selama perkembangan embrio somatik teh (Camellia sinensis L.) in vitro

Authors

  • . SUMARYONO
  • Imron RIYADI
  • J.S. TAHARDI

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v69i2.167

Keywords:

Camellia sinensis, embryo color, embryo development, somatic embryogenesis, tea

Abstract

Summary
Somatic embryo culture of tea (Camellia
sinensis L.) on an agar-solidified medium consists
of embryos of different sizes, colors and
developmental stages. One gram of mostly globular
somatic embryos were cultured on a solid
proliferation medium of WP containing 57.1 µM
IAA and 4.4 µM BAP to observe their
morphological variations with respect to embryo
size, color, and developmental stage over one
culture passage of 6 weeks. Fresh weight of
somatic embryos increased slowly during the first
4 weeks and then sharply thereafter. At the fourth
week, the number of embryos increased
considerably although their weight did not increase,
indicating the formation of secondary embryos.
The average size of tea somatic embryos did not
change significantly over the culture period,
however, the embryo size was already highly varied
at the start and increased as the embryo developed.
About one half of the embryos were yellowish and 

the rest were divided equally between the greenish
and reddish embryos. At the initial culture, 60% of
the embryos were at the globular, 30% at heart and
10% at torpedo stage. Generally, globular embryos
developed into later-stage embryos as the culture
progressed, however, on this proliferation medium
almost 80% of the embryos remained at the globular
and heart-shaped stages even after the sixth week.
If single globular somatic embryos with a particular
color were cultured on a solid regeneration medium
of WP with 0.47 µM kinetin, 0.69 µM ABA and
0.29 µM GA 3 , some of them especially the
yellowish embryos underwent color change. Most
of these single globular embryos developed
gradually into the later stages. While the initial
colors of embryos affected the rate of
developmental stage changes, yellowish globular
embryos tended to develop more rapidly into
cotyledonary or germinant stages than the greenish
and reddish embryos.

Ringkasan
Biak embrio somatik tanaman teh (Camellia
sinensis L.) pada medium padat terdiri dari embrio
dalam berbagai ukuran, warna dan stadia
perkembangan. Satu gram embrio somatik yang
sebagian besar dalam stadia globuler telah
dibiakkan pada medium padat proliferasi (medium
WP dengan IAA 57,1 µM dan BAP 4,4 µM) untuk
mengamati keragaman morfologi embrio dalam hal
ukuran, warna dan stadia perkembangan dalam
satu periode kultur 6 minggu. Berat basah embrio
somatik meningkat perlahan pada 4 minggu
pertama kemudian meningkat dengan tajam. Pada
minggu keempat, jumlah embrio melonjak
walaupun beratnya tidak meningkat, hal ini
menunjukkan adanya pembentukan embrio
sekunder. Ukuran rata-rata embrio somatik tidak
berubah secara nyata selama periode kultur, tetapi
ukuran embrio sudah sangat beragam sejak awal
kultur dan terus meningkat sejalan dengan
berkembangnya embrio. Sekitar setengah dari
embrio berwarna kuning dan sisanya terdiri dari
embrio berwarna hijau dan merah. Pada awal
kultur, 60% embrio berada pada stadia globuler,
30% stadia bentuk-hati dan 10% stadia bentuk-
torpedo. Pada umumnya embrio globuler
berkembang ke stadia lebih lanjut sejalan dengan
waktu, tetapi pada medium proliferasi ini hampir
80% embrio masih dalam stadia globuler dan
bentuk-hati pada minggu keenam. Apabila embrio
somatik globuler tunggal dengan warna tertentu
dibiakkan pada medium padat regenerasi
(WP dengan kinetin 0,47 µM, ABA 0,69 µM dan
GA 3 0,29 µM, sebagian embrio terutama embrio
kuning akan mengalami perubahan warna.
Sebagian besar embrio globuler tunggal ini
berkembang secara bertahap kestadia per-
kembangan lebih lanjut. Warna awal embrio
berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan perubahan stadia
perkembangan embrio, dengan embrio globuler
awal warna kuning cenderung lebih cepat
berkembang kestadia kotiledon dan kecambah
dibandingkan dengan embrio hijau dan merah.

 

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Submitted

10-03-2016

Accepted

10-03-2016

Published

10-03-2016

How to Cite

SUMARYONO, ., RIYADI, I., & TAHARDI, J. (2016). Morphological variations during the development of somatic embryos of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in vitro Keragaman morfologi selama perkembangan embrio somatik teh (Camellia sinensis L.) in vitro. Menara Perkebunan, 69(2). https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v69i2.167

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