Effektifitas pengendalian Phytophthora palmivora dengan agensia hayati terhadap peningkatan produktivitas Kakao [The effectiveness control of Phytophthora palmivora with biological agents on Cocoa produktivity improvement]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v85i1.230Keywords:
Theobroma cacao, disease, rotten fruit, biological agents, productivityAbstract
In Indonesia, the fruit rot disease is very high in the central cocoa in the Southeast Sulawesi. The study aims to test the effectiveness of some biological agents to attack of Phytophthora palmivora. The experiment was conducted in 2015 in the village of Andomesinggo, Southeast Sulawesi. Productive cocoa plant material from side grafting results, Trichoderma harzianum DT/38, T. pseudokonongii DT/39, T. Wis Grooow, and T. asperellium specific Sultra and dithiocarbamates fungicida. The study used a randomized block design, data were analyzed with ANOVA, followed by Duncan multiple test dose at t he level of 0.05. Research results show that the percentage and index of cocoa pod disease attacks decreased after controlled by T. harzianum DT/38 + T. pseudokoningii DT/39, T. asperellium specific Sultra and T. pseudokoningii DT/39 as well as signify cantly different. The intensity of the cocoa fruit rot disease lowest in treatment T. harzianum DT/38 + T. pseudokoningii DT/39 and T. asperellium specific Sultra. The highest number of fruit, dried grain weight and yield of dry beans is the best obtained in giving treatment T. harzianum DT/38 + T. pseudokoningii DT/39 and T. asperellium specific Sultra. The highest cocoa productivity and lost lowest yield achieved by treatment of T. harzianum DT/38 + T. pseudokoningii DT/39 and T. asperellium specific Sultra.
[Keywords: fruit rot disease, biological agents, cocoa productivity]
Abstrak
Di Indonesia serangan penyakit busuk buah sangat tinggi pada sentra kakao di Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian bertujuan menguji keefektifan beberapa Trichoderma spp. Ter- hadap serangan penyakit busuk buah yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2015 di Sulawesi Tenggara, Desa Andomesinggo. Bahan tanaman kakao produktif hasil sambung samping, Trichoderma harzianum DT/38, T. pseudokonongii DT/39, T. Wis Grooow dan T. asperellium spesifik Sultra dan fungisida ditiokarbamat. Penelitian menggunakan Rancang-an Acak Kelompok (RAK) 6 perlakuan, 4 ulangan dan masing-masing perlakuan diamti 15 tanaman. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji selang berganda Duncan pada taraf 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah diberi perlakuan T. harzianum DT/38 + T. pseudokoningii DT/39, T. asperellium spesifik Sultra dan T. pseudokoningii DT/39 efektif menurunkan persentase dan indeks serangan penyakit busuk buah kakao yang disebabkan oleh P. palmivora dibanding kontrol. Intensitas serangan penyakit busuk buah terendah setelah diberi perlakuan T. harzianum DT/38 + T. pseudokoningii DT/39 dan T. asperellium spesifik Sultra dibanding kontrol. Jumlah buah tertinggi, bobot biji kering dan rendemen biji kakao kering terbaik diperoleh pada pemberian perlakuan T. harzianum DT/38 + T. pseudokoningii DT/39 dan T. asperellium spesifik Sultra dibanding perlakuan lainnya. Produktivitas kakao tertinggi dan kehilangan hasil terendah dicapai pada perlakuan T. harzianum DT/38 + T. pseudokoningii DT/39 dan T. asperellium spesifik Sultra dibanding perlakuan lainnya.
[Kata kunci : penyakit busuk buah, agensia hayati, produktivitas kakao]
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