Pengaruh cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) terhadap karakteristik agronomi tanaman tebu sistem tanam bagal satu The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) on agronomic characteristics of single bud planting sugarcane
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v81i2.41Keywords:
Single bud planting, drought stress, segment differentiation, Saccharum officinarum. LAbstract
Abstract
Single bud planting system is a propagation system to
generate high quality seed cane from sugarcane cuttings in
the form of single bud. A glasshouse experiment was
conducted to study the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi (AMF) application on agronomic parameters in
sugarcane seedlings propagated through single bud
planting system. AMF inoculum used was Glomus sp. and
Gigaspora sp. with 4-6 spores per g, given as much as 5 g
per pot, while growth media was a mixed of soil with
organic mater (1:1). The seedling was planted in plastic pot
of 5x5x9 cm 3 (lxwlxh) in size. The treatment assessed was
with and without AMF. Each of the treatment replicated 10
times potrai and each potrai contain 63 holes. The
observation was carried out after four weeks incubation and
the parameters observed were seedling height, wide of leaf,
biomass of root and rooting percentage, nutrient content of
tissue and AMF infection. The data was analyzed with
analyses of variance. The result showed that AMF
inoculation could enhance seedling height 48,41%, and leaf
wide 22,2% compared to control. Seedling colonized with
AMF produced of root fresh weight two times higher
compared to these uninoculated seeds. The high of water
content of root of seedling colonized with AMF showed
that the higher ability of the seedling to absorb water (48%)
compared to those uncolonized seedling. The colonized
seedling hopefully could survived in dry condition.
Abstrak
Single bud planting merupakan salah satu sistem
untuk mendapatkan bibit tebu berkualitas dari batang tebu
bentuk stek satu mata. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui
pengaruh aplikasi cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA)
terhadap parameter agronomi bibit tebu yang diperbanyak
melalui sistem single bud planting (SBP). Penelitian
dilakukan di rumah kaca menggunakan bahan tanam berupa
bibit bagal satu (SBP) yang telah berumur tujuh hari.
Inokulum CMA yang digunakan adalah Glomus sp. dan
Gigaspora sp. dengan populasi 4-6 spora/g sebanyak 5 g per
pot, sedangkan media tanam berupa tanah dan bahan
organik dengan perbandingan 1:1. Tanaman ditanam di
potrai berukuran p x l x t = 5 x 5 x 9 cm 3 . Perlakuan yang
diuji adalah inokulasi dengan dan tanpa CMA. Setiap per-
lakuan diulang sebanyak 10 ulangan potrai dan tiap potrai
terdiri dari 63 lubang, sehingga total tanaman tiap per-
lakuan adalah 630 tanaman. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah
inkubasi empat minggu dan parameter yang diamati adalah
tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, kondisi dan bobot basah dan
kering perakaran, kandungan hara N, P, dan K jaringan
tanaman, dan infeksi CMA. Data diolah menggunakan
analisis sidik ragam (Anova) dan diuji beda nyata dengan uji
T dengan taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan,
bahwa penggunaan cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA)
mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman sebesar 48,41 %, dan
lebar daun 22,2 % dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Tanaman
tebu yang dikolonisasi CMA memiliki bobot basah akar dua
kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak dikolo-
nisasi CMA. Lebih tingginya bobot basah akar bibit tebu
bermikoriza menunjukkan lebih banyaknya tanaman me-
nyimpan air yaitu sebesar 48%, dibandingkan dengan tanpa
CMA sehingga diharapkan tanaman dapat bertahan pada
kondisi kering.
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