Pengaruh interval dan lama perendaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan pendewasaan embrio somatik tanaman sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Effect of immersion interval and duration on the growth and maturation of somatic embryos of sago palm ( Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v77i2.97Keywords:
Embriyo somatic - maturation, sago palm, somatic embryogenesis, temporary immersion- systemAbstract
Abstract
Liquid culture via temporary immersion
system (TIS) has a potency for enhancing
maturity and uniformity of plant somatic embryos
(SE). An experiment was conducted to determine
the effect of medium immersion interval and
duration on the growth and maturation of sago
SE in TIS. A clump of SE at globular stage
derived from sucker’s tip meristem culture was
used as material source. The SE were cultured on
a modified Murashige and Skoog medium added
with 0.01 mg/L ABA, 1.0 mg/L kinetin and
0.1 mg/L GA 3 . The treatments used were TIS
with immersion interval of 3, 6 and 12 hours
with duration of 1 and 3 minutes. Solid medium
was used as a control. The results show that TIS
with immersion interval 12 hours for three
minutes produced the highest SE biomass
(14.6 g/flask) which had increased by 9.8-fold
within six weeks. The longer of immersion
interval (less frequent) and the longer of
immersion duration (three minutes) increased
significantly biomass fresh weight of of sago SE.
SE biomass of sago on solid medium was
significantly lower than those of in liquid media
of TIS. The highest number of advanced stage
embryos (torpedo, cotyledonary and early
germinant) of 643 or 48.2% from the total
number of SE was achieved in TIS with 12 hours
interval for three minutes. During the maturation
of sago SE, the color of embryos has changed
from mostly yellowish to greenish and reddish.
Abstrak
Kultur cair dengan sistem perendaman sesaat
(SPS) berpotensi untuk meningkatkan
pendewasaan dan keseragaman embrio somatik
(ES) tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
menentukan pengaruh interval dan lama
perendaman terhadap proses pendewasaan ES
sagu dalam SPS. Bahan yang digunakan berupa
ES fase globuler asal kultur pucuk tunas anakan
sagu. ES sagu dikulturkan dalam medium
Murashige dan Skoog yang dimodifikasi
ditambah ABA 0,01 mg/L; kinetin 1 mg/L dan
GA 3 0,1 mg/L. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah
kultur SPS dengan interval perendaman 3, 6 dan
12 jam dengan lama perendaman 1 dan 3 menit
serta kultur padat sebagai pembanding. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan SPS
dengan interval perendaman 12 jam selama tiga
menit menghasilkan bobot biomassa ES tertinggi
yaitu 14,6 g/bejana yang meningkat 9,8 kali
dalam waktu enam minggu. Interval peren-
daman lebih lama (lebih jarang) dan lama peren-
daman lebih panjang (tiga menit) meningkatkan
secara nyata bobot segar biomassa ES sagu.
Biomassa ES sagu pada medium padat secara
nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kultur
kotiledon dan kecambah dini) tertinggi yaitu 643
atau 48,2% dari jumlah total ES diperoleh pada perlakuan SPS interval 12 jam dengan lama tigamenit. Seiring dengan pendewasaan ES sagu, terjadi perubahan warna dari sebagian besar kuning menjadi hijau dan merah.
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