Acclimatization and early growth of tissue culture-derived Stevia rebaudiana at low altitude area in Bogor, Indonesia (Aklimatisasi dan pertumbuhan awal Stevia rebaudiana asal kultur jaringan pada dataran rendah di Bogor, Indonesia)
Abstract
[Kata kunci: tanaman pemanis, eksplan tunas, tahap hardening, daya hidup, tropika]
Abstract
Acclimatization is a transition period before in vitro culture can be planted in ex vitro environment. In the tropical region, stevia is should be planted at high altitude areas. The development of stevia clones suitable for low land area in the tropics is important to make it possible to apply mechanization in a large scale stevia plantation. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of explant conditions and hardening period on survival rate and growth during acclimatization stage and early growth of stevia clone B 22 in an open area at low altitude area in the tropics. The first experiment was conducted using different shoot ages: 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks cultured on solid media as an explant material source. The second experiment was using single node of stevia in different hardening periods in liquid media for 1, 4, 7 and 10 days. Acclimatization was carried out by planting the explants on a mixture growing medium in multi-trays and placed inside a closed plastic tunnel for 1 month. The survival rate and growth parameters were observed at the end of acclimatization stage and after 2 months in the open area. The results show that 1-week explant age on solid media had the highest survival rate at 83%. Hardening single node of shoot in a liquid medium for 4 days increased the survival rate to 97% in 1 month acclimatization stage. After acclimatization, the plant height on average was 2.6 cm with 10.6 leaves. The survived plants planted in an open area grew rapidly to 12 cm in height with 30 leaves and survival rate 63% within 2 months. It indicates that stevia clone BS 22 may suitable for a low altitude area in the tropics.[Key words: sweetener plant, shoot explant, hardening period, survival rate, tropics]
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v87i1.326
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