Aplikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) pada pembibitan untuk menekan kejadian penyakit busuk pangkal batang kelapa sawit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i2.495Keywords:
biocontrol agents, basal stem rot, AMF, oil palm, replantingAbstract
Abstract
Ganoderma boninense is the main pathogen in oil palm plantation areas and can infect new plants, thereby shortening the economic life of each crop cycle. Until now, no adequate control has been found to minimize the incidence of basal stem root (BSR) disease. Preventive control strategy through replanting and applying Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma sp. since nursery can be an approach in managing BSR disease. This study aims to determine the effect of biocontrol agents' application of AMF and Trichoderma sp. at the nursery on the incidence of BSR in the field. The treatments assessed were types (MM, MR, and MT) and dosages (25, 50 and 75 g per seedlings) of AMF products and each treatment was replicated three times. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi was applied in the main nursery and at planting in the field. Observations were made on AMF and Trichoderma sp. spore density and AMF colonization at plants aged 4, 5, 6, and 7 years while the incidence of BSR was observed for ten years, from one year before replanting up to TM-5. The experimental design carried out was a randomized block design. The results showed that the MM-25 treatment was the best treatment in terms of AMF colonization percentage of 98 % and total AMF spores of 688 spores per 100 g soil at plants aged seven years. However, the population of Trichoderma sp. showed inconsistent numbers during the observation. Before replanting, the oil palm plantation area showed a BSR incidence of 21.37%. However, after replanting with the application of AMF and Trichoderma sp. on seedlings, the incidence of BSR became 0 until plants aged eight years (TM-5). In general, the application of AMF reduces the BSR incidence of oil palm in the field.
[Keywords: biocontrol agents, basal stem rot, AMF, oil palm, replanting]
Abstrak
Ganoderma boninense merupakan patogen utama di areal perkebunan kelapa sawit dan dapat menginfeksi tanaman baru, sehingga memperpendek umur ekonomis setiap siklus tanaman. Sampai saat ini belum ditemukan pengendalian yang efektif untuk meminimalkan kejadian penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB). Strategi pengendalian preventif melalui peremajaan dan aplikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) dan Trichoderma sp. sejak pembibitan dapat menjadi salah satu pendekatan dalam pengelolaan penyakit BPB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi agens biokontrol FMA dan Trichoderma sp. di pembibitan terhadap kejadian BPB di lapangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah jenis (MM, MR, dan MT) dan dosis (25, 50 dan 75 g per bibit) produk FMA dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular diaplikasikan di pembibitan utama dan saat tanam di lapangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kepadatan spora FMA dan Trichoderma sp. serta kolonisasi FMA pada umur tanaman 4, 5, 6, dan 7 tahun sedangkan kejadian BPB diamati selama sepuluh tahun dari satu tahun sebelum peremajaan hingga TM-5. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan MM-25 merupakan perlakuan terbaik ditinjau dari persentase kolonisasi FMA sebesar 98% dan total spora FMA sebesar 688 spora per 100 g tanah pada tanaman umur tujuh tahun. Namun populasi Trichoderma sp. menunjukkan angka yang tidak konsisten selama pengamatan. Sebelum peremajaan, areal kelapa sawit menunjukkan kejadian BPB sebesar 21,37%. Namun setelah dilakukan peremajaan dengan aplikasi FMA dan Trichoderma sp. pada bibit, kejadian BPB menjadi 0 sampai usia tanaman delapan tahun (TM-5). Secara umum, aplikasi FMA mengurangi kejadian BPB kelapa sawit di lapangan.
[Kata kunci: agens biokontrol, busuk pangkal batang, FMA, kelapa sawit, peremajaan]
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