Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sisa jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea)(TKSJ) sebagai pupuk organik pada pembibitan kelapa sawit Utilization of spent mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) media derived from empty fruit bunches of oil palm (SMEB) as organic fertilizer on oil palm seedling

Abstract

Summary
The utilization of lignocellulolitic empty
fruit-bunches of oil-palm (EFBOP) material as
straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) media
could produce short chain organic carbon and
nutrients which may be available for growth of
plant. This research was aimed to determine the
effect of spent mushroom media amendment
derived from empty fruit bunches of oil palm
(SMEB) as organic fertilizer on the growth and
nutrient uptake of oil palm seedling. The
experiment was conducted at greenhouse using
acid soil. Oil palm seedling was grown in 60 x 50
cm polybags. The experiment was carried out to
examine 20 treatments i.e. combinations of four
level of SMEB (0, 25%, 50%, and 75% w/w) and
five dosages of conventional fertilizer (0, 25%,
50%, 75%, and 100%) recommended dosages.
The experiment was conducted using complete
randomized design with factorial type. The
research showed that the amendment of SMEB at
the level of 25% could increase the height of
seedling, fresh weight of root, stem, and seedlings
as well as dry weight of oil palm stem. However,
for leaf dry weight, a higher addition of SMEB up
to 50% was needed. Fertilizing at 25% of
recommended dosage could increase the seedling
height, fresh weight of stem and leaf while for
seedling fresh weight and leaf number, higher
addition of fertilizer up to 50% was needed.
Significantly higher uptake of K and Mg was
observed on the amendment of 75% of SMEB.
The higher addition of SMEB (up to 75% w/w)
did not decrease any growth parameters and
nutrient uptake. However, the addition of 100%
of recommended chemical fertilizer tended to
decrease various growth parameters and uptake
of N, P, K, and Mg of oil palm seedling.

Ringkasan
Penggunaan bahan lignoselulosa sebagai
medium jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea)
diketahui dapat menghasilkan senyawa karbon
rantai pendek demikian pula hara tersedia,
sehingga diduga bahan ini dapat digunakan
sebagai pupuk organik untuk tanaman. Penelitian
dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian
tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sisa medium
jamur merang (TKSJ) terhadap pertumbuhan dan
serapan hara bibit kelapa sawit. Percobaan

dilakukan di rumah kaca menggunakan tanah
bereaksi masam. TKKS sisa medium jamur
merang (TKSJ) sesuai dosis perlakuan dicampur
dengan tanah dan selanjutnya bibit kelapa sawit
ditanam di polibag berukuran 60 x 50 cm.
Percobaan dilakukan untuk menguji 20 perlakuan
yang merupakan kombinasi empat tingkat TKSJ
(0, 25%, 50% dan 75% b/b) dan lima dosis pupuk
konvensional (0, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%)
dosis rekomendasi. Percobaan dilakukan meng-
gunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan pola
faktorial. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa
pemberian TKSJ pada tingkat 25% dapat
meningkatkan tinggi bibit, bobot basah akar,
batang, dan bibit serta bobot kering batang
kelapa sawit. Namun, untuk peubah bobot kering
daun diperlukan pemberian TKSJ yang lebih
tinggi yaitu 50%. Pemupukan pada dosis 25%
rekomendasi meningkatkan tinggi, bobot basah
batang dan daun sedangkan untuk jumlah daun
dan bobot basah bibit diperlukan dosis pupuk
50%. Serapan hara K dan Mg nyata lebih tinggi
pada pemberian 75% TKSJ. Pemberian TKSJ
pada jumlah yang tinggi (hingga 75% b/b) tidak
menyebabkan penurunan berbagai peubah per-
tumbuhan dan serapan hara, namun pemberian
pupuk 100% rekomendasi cenderung menurun-
kan berbagai peubah pertumbuhan dan serapan
hara N, P, K, dan Mg bibit kelapa sawit.