Penilaian mutu tanah secara cepat berdasarkan faktor penentu aktivitas biologinya Rapid assessment of soil quality as based on its biology activity determining factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i2.24Keywords:
Soil productivity, climatic change, soil biology CO2 concentrationAbstract
Abstract
Agricultural practices are still heavily dependent on the use those socalled marginally-suitable soils with low soil fertility level. On the other hand, fertilization has been long known offering fertility solution, but it is indicative that its efficiency is low without soil amelioration. The conditions have been intensified by climatic change phenomena particularly increased atmospheric CO2 concentration which widely affects the soilbiological activity and crop performance as well. This review tries to discuss a thought to find the right method to assist management in determining the right solution for the problems encountered in the field based on soil and plant indicators. The method should be simple, fast, and reliable to express close relationship between soil characteristics and plant performance. The indicators should be those of very important soil characteristics determining soil biological activities as a measure for its fertility. Moreover, the indicators used must have highly sensitive to climatic change, anthropogenic activities, and their impacts on soil biological activity are significant. Soil organic matter (chemistry), bulk density, soil texture, and infiltration rate(physics), and worm population and soil respiration (biology) are main characters related to whole soil pro-ductivity. In addition, chlorophyll content and root density are the most potentiallyrelated indicators to crop performance
Abstrak
Kegiatan pertanian masih banyak tergantung pada pe-manfaatan tanah-tanah sub-optimal yang memiliki hambatan berupa rendahnya kesuburan tanah. Di sisi lain, pemupukan telah menawarkan solusi untuk mengatasinya, tetapi pada tanah-tanah seperti itu tidak akan banyak manfaatnya jika kemampuan tanah tidak diperbaiki. Kondisi ini diperparah dengan fenomena perubahan iklim, khususnya peningkatan kadar CO2 atmosfir yang berpengaruh luas terhadap aktivitas biologi tanah dan kinerja tanaman. Tulisan ini mengulas tentang perlunya perangkat pengambilan keputusan di lapangan untuk memilih solusi praktis yang tepat untuk me-nyelesaikan hambatan pertumbuhan dan/atau produksi tanaman dengan memanfaatkan indikator tanah dan/atau tanaman secara tepat. Metode yang dikembangkan adalah berdasarkan teknik penetapan yang mudah, cepat, dan cukup akurat dalam menggambarkan hubungan antara indikator terpilih dan kinerja tanaman. Indikator yang dimaksud adalah sifat tanah yang paling penting dalam menentukan aktivitas biologi di dalam tanah sebagai penanda dari kesuburan-nya.Selain itu, indikator yang digunakan harus cukup peka dalam menanggapi perubahan iklim dan perlakuan budidaya dan pengaruhnya nyata terhadap aktivitas biologi di dalam tanah. Kadar bahan organik tanah (kimia), bobot isi, tekstur tanah, dan laju infiltrasi (fisik), dan populasi cacing dan respirasi tanah (biologi) merupakan faktor tanah yang secara praktis mewakili daya dukung tanah secara keseluruhan. Di sisi lain, indikator tanaman yang diperkirakan memiliki hubungan erat dengan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas adalah kadar khlorofil daun dan kerapatan akar.
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