Optimasi sistem kultur dan media untuk peningkatan tinggi tunas in vitro kelapa sawit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i1.511Keywords:
double-layer, GA3 , macronutrients, bottle cap, thidiazuronAbstract
Optimization of in vitro shoot growth is necessary to shorten the culture time and produce vigorous oil palm plantlets. This research was conducted to determine the best media and culture techniques to accelerate in vitro shoot growth of oil palm. Shoots of oil palm derived from somatic embryogenesis were grown on DF media with two culture systems (solid medium and double-layer) combined with hormone treatments (0.5-1 mg L-1 giberellin/GA3 and 0.5 mg L-1 Benzyl amino purine/BAP or thidiazuron/ TDZ). Further optimization was conducted using different bottle closures (polypropylene screw caps and plastic wraps) and macronutrients (standard or double concentrations). This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD), with each treatment consisting of 5 bottle replications and each bottle consisting of 5 shoots. The results showed that media with double-layer system combined with GA3 (0.5-1 mg L-1) and TDZ (0.5 mg L-1) gave the highest shoot height increment. The use of double-strength macronutrient media combined with screw bottle caps increased shoot height (136-167 %) and decreased shoot tip necrosis (0-24 %). Plastic wrap bottle caps increased shoot tip necrosis (STN), while doubling macronutrients reduced STN. The growth of oil palm shoots began to slow down after 5 weeks of culture. In conclusion, the optimal conditions for in vitro shoot growth of oil palm were at usage of double-layer media added with GA3 0.5-1 mg L-1, TDZ 0.5 mg L-1, and double macronutrients on bottle jars with polypropylene screw caps.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, A. & Shahzad, A. (2018). Thidiazuron influenced morphogenesis in some medicinal plants. In: N. Ahmad, M. Faisal (Eds.), Thidiazuron: From Urea Derivative to Plant Growth Regulator. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8004-3_1
Ahmad, N., Faisal, M., Ahmad, A., Alatar, A. A., Qahtan, A. A., & Alok, A. (2022). Thidiazuron induced in vitro clonal propagation of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., an important avenue tree. Horticulturae 8, 359. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050359
Ahmed ZFR & JP Palta (2017). Significant variations in mineral composition among agar sources: implications in nutrition and abiotic stress studies that use in vitro culture. Acta Horticulturae 1187, 115–122. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1187.14
Alves, S. A. O., De Lemos, O. F., Filho, B. G. S., & Da Silva, A. L. P. (2011). In vitro protocol optimization for development of interspecific hybrids of oil palm (Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Cortés x Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 2(3), 1-6.
Azwin, Siregar, I. Z., & Supriyanto (2006). Penggunaan BAP dan TDZ untuk perbanyakan tanaman gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.). Media Konservasi 11(3), 98-104.
Budiani, A., Putranto, R. A., Riyadi, I. Sumaryono, Minarsih, H., & Faizah, R. (2018). Transformation of oil palm calli using CRISPR/Cas9 System: toward genome editing of oil palm. IOP Conference Series Earth Environmental Science. 183 (012003). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/183/1/012003
Capelle, S. C., Mok, D. W. S., Kirchner, S. C., & Mok, M. C. (1983). Effects of thidiazuron on cytokinin autonomy and the metabolism of N6. (A2-isopentenyl)[8-'4C] adenosine in callus tissues of Phaseolus lunatus L. Plant Physiology 73, 796–802.
Corrêa, T. R., Motoike, S. Y., Andrade, A. P. S., Coser, S. M., Queiroz, V., Granja, M. M. C., Caetano, D. D. N., Peña, C. N. M., & Picoli, E. A. T. (2016). Accelerated in vitro propagation of elite oil palm genotypes (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by substituting cytokinin with putrescine. African Journal of Biotechnology 15(50), 2767–2775.
Da Silva, J. A., Nezami‐Alanagh, E., Barreal, M. E., Kher, M. M., Wicaksono, A., Gulyás, A., Hidvégi, N., Magyar‐Tábori, K., Mendler‐Drienyovszki, N., Márton, L., Landín, M., Gallego, P. P., Driver, J. A., & Dobránszki, J. (2020). Shoot tip necrosis of in vitro plant cultures: a reappraisal of possible causes and solutions. Planta 252, 47 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03449-4
Da Silva, T. J. A., & Engelmann, F. (2017). Cryopreservation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Cryobiology 77, 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.04.007
De Fossard, R. A., Myint, A., & Lee, E. C. M. (1974). A broad spectrum tissue culture experiment with tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) pith tissue callus. Physiology Plant 30, 125–130.
Dinani, E. T., Shukla, M. R., Turi C. E., Sullivan, J. A., & Saxena, P. K. (2018). Thidiazuron: Modulator in vitro. In: N Ahmad & M Faisal (eds.), Thidiazuron: From Urea Derivative to Plant Growth Regulator, Springer plus, Singapura. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8004-3_1
Erland, L. A. E., Giebelhaus, R. T., Victor J. M. R., Murch, S. J., & Saxena, P. K. (2020). The morphoregulatory role of thidiazuron: metabolomics-guided hypothesis generation for mechanisms of activity. Biomolecules 10, 1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10091253
Ernayunita, Rahmadi, H., Yenni Y., Setiowati, R. D., & Harahap, I. Y. (2019). Vegetative characterization to identify oil plam (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) planlet abnormalities. AIP Conference Proceedings 2099, 020004. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5098409
Feng, J., Shi, Y., Yang, S., & Zuo, J. (2017). Cytokinins. In: J li,C Li & S Smit (Eds.), Hormone metabolism and signaling in plants. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811562-6.00003- .
Gomes, H. T., Bartos, P. M. C., Balzon, T. A., & Scherwinski-Pereira, J. E. (2016). Regeneration of somatic embryos of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) using temporary immersion bioreactors. Industrial Crops and Products 89, 244–249.
Graham, M. E. D., & Thurtell, G. W. (1989). The effect of increased transpiration on photosynthesis of corn part II. Comparisons between hydroponically and soil-grown plants. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 44(3–4), 317–326.
Hutchinson, M. J., Onamu, R., Kipkosgei, L., & Obukosia, S. D. (2015). Effect of Thidiazuron, NAA and BAP on in vitro propagation of Alstroemeria aurantiaca CV. ‘Rosita’ from shoot tip explants. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 16(2), 58–72.
Jafari, N., Othman, R. Y., & Khalid, N. (2011). Effect of benzylaminopurine (BAP) pulsing on in vitro shoot multiplication of Musa acuminata (banana) cv. Barangan. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(13), 2446–2450.
Jayanthi, M., Susanthi, B., Mohan, M., & Mandal, P. K. (2015). In vitro somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from immature male inflorescence of adult dura and tenera palms of Elaeis guineensis (Jacq.). SpringerPlus 4, 256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1025-4
Karim, S. K. A. (2021). An overview of oil palm cultivation via tissue culture technique. In: Kamyab, H (Ed). Elaeis guineensis [Internet]. London: IntechOpen; 2021 [cited 2022 Sep 21]. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/77859. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99198
Karyanti, Khairiyah, H., Sukarnih, T., Hanifah, N. F., Rudiyana, Y., Wahid, A., & Mira, F. R. (2021). In vitro induction of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) shoot roots and their acclimatization in mycorrhiza-enriched media. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 759, 012014.https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/759/ 1/012014
Kingsley TM, NN Godswill, TL Brice, NEG Frank & E Youmbi (2018). Optimization of rhizogenesis in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) vitro plantlets derived from direct organogenesis of mature zygotic embryos (MZE). Advances in Plants Agriculture Research 8(3), 233–235.
Kovalchuk., I. Y., Mukhitdinova, Z., Turdiyev, T., Madiyeva, G., Akin, M., Eyduran, E., & Reed, B. M. (2017). Modeling some mineral nutrient requirements for micropropagated wild apricot shoot cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Organic Culture 129, 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11240-017-1180-0
Kovalchuk, I. Y., Mukhitdinova, Z., Turdiyev, T., Madiyeva, G., Akin, M., Eyduran, E., & Reed, B. M. (2018). Nitrogen ions and nitrogen ion proportions impact the growth of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) shoot cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Organic Culture 133, 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-1379-8
Kurup, S. S., Purayil, F. T., Alkhaili, M. M. S., Tawfik, N. H., Cheruth, A. J., Kabshawi, M., & Subramaniam, S. (2018). Thidiazuron (TDZ) induced organogenesis and clonal fidelity studies in Haloxylon persicum (Bunge ex Boiss & Buhse): an endangered desert tree species. Physiology and Molecular Biology Plant 24, 683–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12298-018-0532-5
Lavakumaran, L. & Seran, T. H. (2014). Effect of 6-benzyl-aminopurine and thidiazuron on in vitro shoot organogenesis of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Chilean of Journal Agricultural Research 74(4), 497–501.
Lemkage, D., Sasahara, T., Yamamoto, S. I., Hatamoto, M., Yamaguchi, T., & Maki, S. (2021). Effect of enhanced CaCl2, MgSO4 and KH2PO4 on improved in vitro growth of potato. Plant Biotechnology 38, 401–408.
Lin, Y., Wang, Y., Iqbal, A., Li, J., & Lei, X. (2017). Optimization of culture medium and temperature for the in vitro germination of oil palm pollen. Science Horticulture 220, 134–138.
Lu, C. Y. (1993). The use of thidiazuron on tissue culture. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology 29, 92–96.
Machado, M. P., Da Silva, A. A. L., Biasi, L. A., Deschamps, C., Filho, J. C. B., & Zanette, F. (2014). Influence of calcium content of tissue on hyperhydricity and shoot-tip necrosis of in vitro regenerated shoots of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 57, 636–643. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-8913201402165
Mahmad N., Taha, R. M., Othman, R., Saleh, A., Hasbullah, N. A., & Elias, H. (2014). Effects of NAA and BAP, double-layered media, and light distance on in vitro regeneration of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Lotus), an aquatic edible plant. The Scientific World Journal 745148. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/745148
Manoh, H. P., Yanti, & Toruan-Mathius, N. (2021). Growth and development of oil palm shoots under different light qualities. Biotropia 28(1), 21–28.
Martin, J. J. J., Yarra, R., Wei, L., & Cao, H. (2022). Oil palm breeding in the modern era: challenges and opportunities. Plants 11, 1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ plants11111395
Monteiro, T. R., Freitas, E. O., Nogueira, G. F., & Scherwinski-Pereira, J. E. (2018). Assessing the influence of subcultures and liquid medium during somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 93(2), 196–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2017.1360156
Mose, W., Indrianto, A., Purwantoro, A., & Semiarti, E. (2017). The influence of thidiazuron on direct somatic embryo formation from various types of explant in Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume Orchid. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 24(4), 201–205. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.24.4.201
Nezami, S. R., Yadollahi, A., Hokmabadi, H., & Eftekhari, M. (2015). Control of shoot tip necrosis and plant death during in vitro multiplication of Pistachio rootstock UCB1 (Pistacia integrima × P. atlantica). Journal of Nuts 6, 27–35. https://doi.org/10.22034/jon. 2015.515646
Offord, C. A. & Tyler, J. L. (2009). In vitro propagation of Pimelea spicata R.Br (Thymelaeaceae), an endangered species of the Sydney region. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 98, 19–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-009-9534-x
Padròn, I. E. S., Meza, P. M. P., Marcela, C., & Díaz, L. (2020). Evaluation of sucrose and GA, in an in vitro shoot culture of Alpinia purpurata (Zingiberaceae). Ciencia & Tecnologia Agropecuaria 21(2), e1193. https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol21_num2_art:1193
Pádua, M. S. S., Santos, R. S., Paiva, L. V., Stein, V. C., & Silva, L. C. (2017). In vitro rooting of tenera hybrid oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plants. Revista Árvore 41(4). https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9088201700014
Palanyandy, S. R., Gantait, S., Subramaniam, S., & Sinniah, U. R. (2020). Cryopreservation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensisJacq.) polyembryoids via encapsulation-desiccation.3 Biotechnology 10(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1997-9.
Reed, B. M., Wada, S., DeNoma, J., & Niedz, R. P. (2013). Mineral nutrition influences physiological responses of pear in vitro. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology 49, 699–709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1162 7-013-9556-2
Saptari, R. T. & Sumaryono (2016). Modifikasi sistem kultur in vitro untuk meningkatkan vigor planlet stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.). Menara Perkebunan 84(2), 61-68.
Saptari, R. T., Sinta, M., & Budiani, A. (2017). In vitro propagation of Anthurium adreanum cv. nitta through organogenesis. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 39(2), 192–200.
Setiawan, K. (2017). Pemuliaan Kelapa Sawit. Plantaxia, Yogyakarta.
Sharp, R. E., Wu, Y., Voetberg, G. S. Saab, I. N., & LeNoble, M. E. (1994). Confirmation that abscisic acid accumulation is required for maize primary root elongation at low water potentials. Journal of Experimental Botany 45, 1743–1751.
Singh, P. & Dwivedi, P. (2014). Two-stage culture procedure using thidiazuron for efficient micropropagation of Stevia rebaudiana, an anti-diabetic medicinal herb. 3 Biotechnology 4(4), 431-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-013-0172-y.
Sinta, M. M., Riyadi, I., & Sumaryono (2011). Pengaruh jenis penutup botol kultur terhadap pertumbuhan planlet kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Menara Perkebunan 79(1), 150-22.
Sparjanbabu, D. S., Naveenkumar, P., Krisna, M. S. R., Ramajayam, D., Susanthi, B., & Prasana, H. S. (2020). Optimizing the acclimatization process of oil palm (Elais giuneensis Jacq.) in vitro plantlets derived from the mature zygotic embyos. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology 21, 128-134.
Srivastava, A. & Joshi, A. G. (2013). Control of shoot tip necrosis in shoot cultures of Portulaca grandiflora Hook. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 5, 45–49. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb519009.
Sulaksono, G., Hasmeda1, M., Hanum, L., Wendra, F., Santika, B. & Asmono, D. (2021). The effect of culture media type and plant growth regulators on callus induction of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Pisifera type. Biovalentia: Biological Research Journal 7(2), 55–60.
Sudrajad, H., Suharto, D. & Widodo, H. (2016). The effect of benzil amino purin (BAP) and gibberellin with in vitro seedling growth of pulesari (Alyxia reinwardtii BI). Health Science Journal of Indonesia 7(2), 93–96.
Sumaryono & Riyadi, I. (2011). Ex vitro rooting of oil palm (Elaeis quineensis Jacq) plantlets derived from tissue culture. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 12(2), 57–62.
Sumaryono, Riyadi, I., Kasi, P. D., & Ginting, G. (2007). Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kalus embriogenik dan embrio somatik kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pada sistem perendaman sesaat. Menara Perkebunan 75(1), 32–42.
Thomas, J. C. & Katterman, F. R. (1986). Cytokinin activity induced by thidiazuron. Plant Physiology 81, 681–683.
Wan-Chin, Y., Khan, N. C. M., Jamalludin, N., Rashdan, M. M., Ross, A. D., & Kulaveerasingam, H. (2021). An efficient clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 mutagenesis system for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Frontiers in Plant Science 12, 773656. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.773656
Weckx, S., Inzé, D., & Maene, L. (2019). Tissue culture of oil palm: finding the balance between mass propagation and somaclonal variation. Frontiers in Plant Science 10, 722.
Yarra, Cao, R. H., Jin, L., Mengdi, Y., & Zhou, L. (2020). CRISPR/Cas mediated base editing: a practical approach for genome editing in oil palm. 3 Biotechnology 10(7), 306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02302-5.
Yusnita & Hapsoro, D. (2011). In vitro callus induction and embryogenesis of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) from leaf explants. HAYATI Journal of Bioscience 18(2), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.18.2.61.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
