Mikropropagasi planlet tebu menggunakan sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS) Micropropagation of sugarcane plantlets using temporary immersion system (TIS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v81i1.53Keywords:
In-vitro culture, callus initiation, callus explant, calli biomassAbstract
bstract
To achieve Indonesian sugar self-sufficiency in
2014, the national production needs to be escalated
through land extensification that requires a large
numbers of cane planting materials. This can be achieved
by mass propagation of sugarcane through in vitro
culture. Solid medium is commonly used for callus
proliferation in sugarcane tissue culture. However, solid
medium is considered inefficient in terms of plantlet
production level, labour and space. The use of liquid
medium may solve the problem by allowing automation
to increase plantlet production scale and uniformity.
Temporary immersion system (TIS) is based on a short
periodic immersion of explants in a liquid medium for a
specific frequency and duration. Research on in vitro
mass propagation of sugarcane using TIS was conducted
at the Indonesian Biotechnology Research Institute for
Estate Crops. Callus initiated from immature unfolded
leaves of PSJT 941 and PS 881 was cultured on liquid
MS medium in TIS with different frequencies (12 and
24 h) and durations (1 and 3 min) of immersion. Each
treatment was replicated three times. The callus biomass
of two elite cane varieties (PSJT 941 and PS 881)
cultured in TIS for six weeks was higher (2 – 4 times fold)
than that of on solid medium. The PSJT 941 variety
reached the highest calli biomass with immersion for
three min every 24 h. However, PS 881 variety reached
its highest biomass with immersion for one minute every
24 h. The propagation of sugarcane using TIS culture
was proven to produce higher calli biomass up to four
folds and to form more numbers and uniform shoots
compared to the solid medium culture. The callus was
succesfully regenerated to shoots and plantlets.
Abstrak
Untuk mencapai swasembada gula, perlu dilakukan
peningkatan produksi gula nasional melalui perluasan
areal pertanaman tebu sehingga diperlukan bibit dalam
jumlah besar. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi antara lain
dengan perbanyakan tebu melalui kultur in vitro. Peng-
gunaan medium padat pada perbanyakan kalus tebu
melalui kultur in vitro merupakan teknik yang umum
digunakan saat ini. Akan tetapi penggunaan medium
padat dianggap kurang efisien dalam hal jumlah planlet
yang diproduksi, tenaga kerja dan ruang digunakan.
Penggunaan medium cair dapat mengatasi kelemahan
tersebut dengan dimungkinkannya otomatisasi sehingga
dapat meningkatkan skala produksi secara massal dan
keseragaman planlet. Sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS)
merupakan teknik kultur in vitro dalam medium cair
menggunakan bejana bersekat dimana kontak antara
eksplan dan medium terjadi hanya secara sesaat dan
periodik. Penelitian perbanyakan massal bibit tebu
melalui SPS dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi
Perkebunan Indonesia. Kalus diinisiasi dari daun meng-
gulung varietas PSJT 941 dan PS 881 yang ditumbuhkan
pada media MS cair dalam kultur SPS dengan frekuensi
yang berbeda (12 dan 24 jam) dan lama perendaman (1
dan 3 menit). Setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Bobot
basah (biomassa) kalus dari dua varietas tebu (PSJT 941
dan PS 881) yang ditumbuhkan dengan metode SPS
setelah enam minggu menunjukkan pening-katan yang
lebih tinggi yaitu antara 2 - 4 kali lipat dibandingkan
dengan kontrol (media padat). Peningkatan biomassa
tertinggi pada varietas PSJT 941 diperoleh pada per-
lakuan SPS dengan interval perendaman 24 jam dan lama
perendaman tiga menit. Sedangkan pada PS 881,
peningkatan tertinggi biomassa diperoleh pada interval
perendaman 24 jam dan lama perendaman satu menit.
Perbanyakan dengan metode SPS terbukti dapat mening-
katkan biomassa kalus lebih dari empat kali lipat dan
pembentukan tunas yang lebih seragam dibandingkan
dengan pada media padat. Kalus yang dihasilkan dapat
diregenerasikan menjadi tunas dan planlet.
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