Potensi fungi pelapuk putih asal lingkungan tropik untuk bioremediasi herbisida The potential white-rot fungi native of tropical environment for herbicides bioremediation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v75i1.153Keywords:
Herbicide, white-rot fungi, bio- remediationAbstract
Summary
Fungal treatment by using white-rot fungi
to reduce a wide variety of herbicide com-
pounds is a specialized bioremediation pro-
cess. A laboratory experiment was conducted
to determine the ability of Phanerochaete
chrysosporium, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora,
and Pleurocybella porrigens and seven white-
rot fungi isolated from a native of tropical
environment to grow on yeast malt extract
glucose (YMG) agar containing high
concentration of (I) 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic
acid, (R) glyphosate, and (G) paraquat. The
data indicated that P. chrysosporium could
grow on YMG media containing 5000 ppm of
(I) 2,4-D, whereas BPBPI 02/04 isolate on
YMG 250 ppm of (R) glyphosate or (G)
paraquat. Relative values of growth inhibition
of these fungi are 81.1; 27.8; and 50.0%
respectively. Biodegradation capability of
herbicides by candidate inoculants in soil-sand
media was also determined in greenhouse
experiment by using peanut, sorghum, corn,
and Borreria alata as bio-indicators. Peanut
and B. alata were found to be the best
responsive seedlings as bio-indicator on the
presence of (I) 2,4-D herbicide in soil-sand
media.
Ringkasan
Teknologi bioremediasi dengan fungi
pelapuk putih (FPP) digunakan untuk me-
reduksi sejumlah senyawa herbisida. Kegiatan
penelitian yang dilakukan di laboratorium
bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan tum-
buh Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Ceripo-
riopsis subvermispora, dan Pleurocybella
porrigens serta tujuh isolat FPP yang diperoleh
dari lingkungan tropik secara in vitro pada
medium agar yeast malt extract glucose
(YMG) yang mengandung (I) 2,4-dikloro-
fenoksi asam asetat, (R) glifosat, dan (G)
parakuat konsentrasi tinggi. Dari data yang
diperoleh, diketahui bahwa Ph. chrysosporium
memiliki kemampuan tumbuh dalam medium
padat YMG yang mengandung 5000 ppm (I)
2,4-D dan isolat BPBPI 02/04 pada 250 ppm
(R) glifosat dan (G) parakuat dengan nilai
hambatan pertumbuhan relatif terhadap kontrol
(HPR) masing-masing 81,1; 27,8; dan 50,0%.
Pengujian isolat terpilih terhadap kemampuan
mendegradasi herbisida di dalam medium
tanah dan pasir juga dilakukan di rumah kaca
dengan menggunakan kacang tanah, sorgum,
jagung, dan Boreria alata sebagai bioindikator.
Kacang tanah dan B. alata memberikan respon
terbaik terhadap keberadaan herbisida (I) 2,4-D
di dalam medium tanah dan pasir .
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