Biokonversi minyak sawit kasar menggunakan desaturase amobil sistem curah pada skala semipilot Bioconversion of crude palm oil using immobilized desaturase in batch system at semi pilot scale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v73i2.154Keywords:
Crude palm-oil, batch-system bio- conversion, immobilized desaturase, polyunsaturated fatty-acid, gamma- linolenic acid, Absidia corymbiferaAbstract
Summary
Increasing unsaturation level of crude oil
palm (CPO) could be carried out by using
desaturase enzyme of Absidia corymbifera. This
biocatalyst could also produce polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA) such as gamma linolenic acid
that beneficial for healthy oil. The objective of
this research was to determine the optimum
contact time and ratio of immobilized desaturase
enzyme-substrate in batch system at semi pilot
scale (5,000-15,000 mL). Desaturase was
extracted from A. corymbifera biomass and
immobilized on activated zeolite (3-6 mm).
Immobilized enzymes were then used for
bioconversion process in batch system by mixing
the enzyme with CPO in a bottle placed
horizontally then rotated using a rotator machine
at room temperature (25-30 o C). The result
showed that optimum contact time with ratio
immobilized enzyme-substrate 1:1; 1:2; and 1:3
were 30, 40, and 50 min resulted in increasing
iodine number 2.84; 3.94; and 4.46 g I 2 /100 g
CPO, respectively. An optimum enzyme-subtrate
ratio was achieved at 1:2, resulted in increasing
of iodine number 9-11 g I 2 /100 g CPO, product
recovery of 17,000 mL (21 batches) up to 18
hours. It was detected that active desaturases
during CPO bioconversion were 6 , 9 , and 12
desaturases as shown by the increase of oleic
(4.5%), linoleic (0,85%) and linolenic acids
(60.7%).
Ringkasan
Peningkatan ketidakjenuhan minyak sawit
kasar (crude palm oil, CPO) dapat dilakukan
dengan enzim desaturase Absidia corymbifera.
Biokatalis ini juga mampu menghasilkan asam
lemak tidak jenuh majemuk (polyunsaturated
fatty acids, PUFA) yang bermanfaat untuk
kesehatan seperti asam gamma linolenat (GLA).
Tujuan penelitian adalah menetapkan waktu
kontak dan nisbah enzim desaturase amobil-
substrat optimum dalam sistem curah pada skala
semipilot (5.000-15.000 mL). Desaturase di-
ekstraksi dari biomassa A. corymbifera dan
diamobilisasi pada zeolite (3-6 mm) yang telah
diaktivasi. Enzim amobil kemudian digunakan
untuk proses biokonversi dalam sistem curah
dengan cara mencampurkan dengan CPO dalam
botol yang diletakkan secara horizontal kemudian
diputar dengan mesin rotator pada suhu ruang
(25-30 o C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
waktu kontak optimum enzim desaturase-substrat
dengan nisbah 1:1; 1:2; dan 1:3 adalah 30, 40,
dan 50 menit dan menghasilkan peningkatan
bilangan iod berturut-turut sebesar 2,84; 3,94;
dan 4,46 g I 2 /100 g CPO. Nisbah enzim-substrat
optimum dalam proses biokonversi CPO adalah
1:2 yang menghasilkan peningkatan bilangan iod
9-11 g I 2 /100 g CPO dan perolehan produk
17.000 mL (21 kali curah) selama 18 jam
pemakaian. Penelitian juga dapat mendeteksi
bahwa desaturase yang aktif selama proses
biokonversi CPO adalah 6 , 9 , dan 12
desaturase yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan
asam oleat (4,5%), linoleat (0,85%) dan linolenat
(60,7%).
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