Penetapan penambatan N 2 Rhizobacterium secara kuantitatif dengan teknik isotop 15 N Quantitative assessment of N 2 fixing Rhizobacterium using isotope 15 N technique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v81i2.35Keywords:
Biofertilizer, Zea mays, efficacy test, nutrient absorbtionAbstract
Abstract
Ability to quantify the amounts of N 2 fixed in agri-
cultural land is critical to manage the N cycle for optimal
food and plantation crop production. Isotope and related
nuclear technique such as 15 N isotope dilution technique has
played a significant role in nutrient management analysis for
quantification of biological N 2 fixation. The largest pool of N
in the environment is atmospheric N 2 and it has a constant
natural abundance of 0.3663 % atom
15 N. 15 N is a stable
isotope of N and used as a unique tracer to evaluate the
potential of N 2 fixing bacteria, especially symbiotic and non-
symbiotic Rhizobacterium. A field experiment has been
initiated at IBRIEC to assess the N 2 fixing capacity of
rhizobacterium isolated from sandy textured soil at Central
Kalimantan and evaluate the potential of bacteria N 2 fixing
on corn (Zea mays). Field experiment has been conducted at
Ciomas Research Station, IBRIEC-Bogor for four months.
The field experiment has been organized according to the
method of Randomized Complete Blocks Design with six
treatments and three replicates. The results of this study
suggested that the method was reliable for estimation of %
Ndfa as well as quantitative analysis of the amount of N fixed
from the atmosphare. The proportion of N 2 uptake derived
from the atmophere was estimated as 32% of the whole plant
basis which was equivalent to approximately 4.8 kg N/ha.
The inoculation of Rhizobacterium increased dry matter of
corn leaves, roots, and grains significantly.
Abstrak
Kemampuan penetapan jumlah N 2 yang dapat ditambat
pada lahan pertanian merupakan suatu hal yang penting untuk
mengatur siklus N sebagai upaya mencapai tingkat produk-
tivitas yang optimal di tanaman pangan dan perkebunan.
Teknik isotop atau yang berhubungan dengan teknologi
nuklir seperti isotop 15 N memiliki peran signifikan di dalam
managemen kebun berbasis nutrisi untuk mengkuantifikasi
penambatan N 2 secara biologi. Cadangan N terbesar di dalam
lingkungan adalah N 2 atmosfer. Cadangan ini memiliki
kelimpahan alami yang stabil pada 0,3663 % atom 15 N. 15 N
merupakan isotop yang stabil dan digunakan sebagai pelacak
yang bersifat spesifik untuk mengevaluasi bakteri penambat
N 2 potensial, khususnya bakteri di daerah perakaran, baik
yang bersifat simbiotik ataupun non simbiotik. Penelitian
terkait dengan uraian di atas telah dilakukan di Balai
Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia (BPBPI)
dengan tujuan untuk menetapkan kemampuan menambat
nitrogen dari Rhizobacterium yang diisolasi dari tanah
tekstur berpasir asal Kalimantan Tengah serta mengevaluasi
potensi bakteri dalam menambat N 2 pada tanaman jagung
(Zea mays). Percobaan lapang dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan
Ciomas, BPBPI selama empat bulan. Kegiatan di lapang
didesain dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam
perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa metode isotop 15 N dapat diaplikasikan untuk mem-
perkirakan persentase N 2 yang ditambat dari atmosfer (Ndfa).
Proporsi N yang diambil dari atmosfer diperkirakan sebesar
32% dari seluruh bagian tanaman jagung yang setara dengan
4,8 kg N/ha. Perlakuan inokulasi dengan Rhizobacterium
meningkatkan bobot kering daun, akar, dan pipilan jagung
secara signifikan.
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