Optimasi nisbah natrium nitrat : urea dan konsentrasi nitrogen pada kultivasi Spirulina platensis untuk produksi protein dan pigmen fikosianin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i2.395Keywords:
Alga hijau-biru, medium Zarrouk, metode permukaan respon-satu faktor, sumber nitrogenAbstract
The need of nitrogen (N) for the growth of Spirulina platensis and the production of protein and phycocyanin pigment is influenced by the type of source and the concentration of N contained in the growing media. Spirulina platensis can assimilate various N sources, including nitrate (NO3-) and urea. Urea is a cheap N source and easy to be obtained. Urea can also have a role as potential N source to support the growth and the metabolites production of cyanobacteria S. platensis. Partial substitution of N source (NO3‑) to urea in Zarrouk medium for S. platensis cultivation has not been conducted before. This study was aiming at determining the optimum ratio of NaNO3 : CO(NH2)2 and the optimum N concentration in the Zarrouk medium for protein and phycocyanin production by S. platensis. Response Surface Method (RSM)-one factor experimental design was employed in this study for determining the optimum N concentration at specific N concentration range and optimum ratio of N source that had been previously determined. The results demonstrated that the optimum ratio of NaNO3 : CO(NH2)2 for protein and phycocyanin production was 1:1. The optimum N concentration for protein and phycocyanin pigment production in S. platensis cultivation were 5.13 mmol L-1 and 4.94 mmol L-1 with the increament in about 51.95% and 25.16%, respectively, compared to the standar Zarrouk medium.
Kebutuhan unsur nitrogen (N) untuk pertumbuhan Spirulina platensis serta produksi protein dan pigmen fikosianin dipengaruhi oleh jenis sumber dan konsentrasi N yang terkandung dalam media tumbuh. Spirulina platensis dapat mengasimilasi berbagai sumber N, termasuk nitrat (NO3-) dan urea. Urea merupakan sumber N yang murah dan mudah diperoleh. Urea juga dapat berperan sebagai sumber N potensial untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan produksi metabolit pada sianobakteria S. platensis. Substitusi sebagian sumber N (NaNO3) oleh urea dalam media Zarrouk untuk kultivasi S. platensis belum banyak dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nisbah NaNO3 : CO(NH2)2 dan konsentrasi N optimum yang diperlukan dalam media Zarrouk untuk produksi protein dan fikosianin oleh S. platensis. Desain eksperimen RSM-one factor digunakan dalam penentuan konsentrasi N optimum pada rentang konsentrasi N dan nisbah sumber N optimum yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nisbah NaNO3 : CO(NH2)2 optimum untuk meningkatkan kandungan protein dan pigmen fikosianin S. platensis adalah 1:1. Konsentrasi N optimum untuk produksi protein dan pigmen fikosianin pada kultivasi S. platensis ialah 5,13 mmol L-1 dan 4,94 mmol L-1 dengan peningkatan sebesar 51,95% dan 25,16%, secara berturut-turut, bila dibandingkan dengan saat dikultivasi menggunakan media Zarrouk standar.
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