Peningkatan hasil panen jagung (Zea mays L.) menggunakan asam humat yang diperkaya produk-samping pabrik urea dan NPK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i2.506Keywords:
asam humat, jagung, pertumbuhan, produktivitas, PSNC, PSUCAbstract
The use of PSUC (liquid Urea by-product) and PSNC (liquid NPK by-product) in humic fertilizer enrichment is a strategic solution towards zero waste and to increase their value added. Maize is Indonesia's leading commodity with a low productivity. This study aimed to determine the effect of humic acid PSUC (HA-PSUC) and PSNC (HA-PSNC) on the growth and productivity of maize. Humic acid was formulated using PSUC and PSNC and then a quality assay was carried out. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with nine treatments. The application of humic acid using the foliar spray technique was carried out at 25, 39, and 53 days after planting (DAP). Growth observations were made at 24, 38, and 52 DAP, while yield and plant biomass were observed at 75 DAP. The data were analyzed using ANOVA test, with Tukey HSD as the further test. The quality assay results showed that those two product (HA-PSUC and HA-PSNC) meet the quality standards according to the Ministry of Agriculture Regulation No.1 2019 with humic content of HA- PSUC respectively was 14.68% (liquid) and 38.51% (solid), while HA-PSNC was 15.97% (liquid) and 38.23% (solid). In general, each treatment tested showed an increase in plant growth characteristics compared to the control, with the best treatment is HcU-8 (humic acid liquid Urea at 8 L ha-1), especially in stem diameter and stem-leaf biomass. Each yield character in each treatment showed an increment compared to the control, with significant yield differences known in the parameters of fresh and dried corn cobs weight and grain weight per corn cob. However , among treatment groups did not show a significant difference in maize yields, so to increase cost efficiency with optimal yields, the applications of humicacidPSUCorPSNCat8Lha-1or8kgha-1 were the recommended doses.
[Keywords: humic acid, maize, growth, productivity, PSNC, PSUC]
Abstrak
Pemanfaatan PSUC (produk-samping Urea cair) dan PSNC (produk-samping NPK cair) sebagai bahan pengaya pupuk humat merupakan solusi strategis menuju zero waste dan meningkatkan nilai tambah kedua produk samping tersebut. Jagung merupakan komoditas unggulan Indonesia dengan produktivitas masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam humat PSUC (AH-PSUC) dan asam humat PSNC (AH-PSNC) terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas jagung. Asam humat diformulasi menggunakan PSUC dan PSNC kemudian dilakukan uji mutu. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan sembilan perlakuan. Aplikasi asam humat dengan teknik semprot daun dilakukan pada 25, 39, dan 53 hari setelah tanam (HST). Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan pada 24, 38, dan 52 HST, sementara pengamatan hasil panen dan biomassa tanaman pada 75 HST. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA, dengan uji lanjut Tukey HSD. Hasil uji mutu menunjukkan bahwa kedua produk (AH- PSUC dan AH-PSNC) memenuhi standar mutu sesuai Permentan No.1 tahun 2019 dengan kadar humat AH-PSUC masing-masing adalah 14,68% (cair) dan 38,51% (padat), sementara untuk AH- PSNC adalah 15,97% (cair) dan 38,23% (padat). Secara umum semua perlakuan yang diuji menunjukkan peningkatan karakter pertumbuhan tanaman dibanding kontrol, dengan perlakuan ter- baik adalah HcU-8 (humat cair Urea dosis 8 L ha-1) khususnya pada diameter batang dan biomassa batang-daun. Setiap karakter hasil panen pada masing-masing perlakuan menunjukkan peningkatan dibanding kontrol, dengan perbedaan hasil yang signifikan diketahui pada parameter bobot tongkol basah dan kering serta bobot pipil per tongkol. Namun demikian, antar kelompok perlakuan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil panen jagung, sehingga untuk peningkatan hasil panen jagung (Zea mays L.) menggunakan asam humat meningkatkan efisiensi biaya dengan hasil yang optimal, aplikasi asam humat PSUC dan PSNC dengan dosis 8 L ha-1 atau 8 kg ha-1 merupakan dosis yang direkomendasikan.
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