Pengaruh ventilasi terhadap morfologi, stomata dan kadar klorofil tunas karet yang diperbanyak melalui microcutting Influence of ventilation on morphology, stomata and chlorophyll content of Hevea shoots propagated through microcutting
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i2.60Abstract
Abstract
In plant tissue culture, the culture vessels are usually
covered tightly with screw caps, aluminium foils, parafilm,
or plastic wrap. This condition restricts the exchange of
gases in culture vessels and will affect negatively the
growth of explants. The use of ventilated closure improves
the air quality in culture vessels. Microboxes provided with
different types of filter (yellow filter with Kv value
13.09 Gas Exchange (GE)/day, green filter with Kv value
81.35 GE/day and without filter) on their closure were
examined as culture vessels for growing rubber explants at
multiplication step. The purpose of this research was to
observe the plant condition in different types of microbox
corresponding to the morphology, stomata and chlorophyll
content of the shoots. The results showed no significant
difference of shoot height on each microbox. The use of
ventilated closure increased significantly new leaf
formation and decreased leaf fall. Normal size and color of
leaves were found on shoots grown in microbox with green
filter. Chlorophyll analysis revealed no significant
differences on three types of microbox, however visual
observation showed that leaves were greener on microbox
with green filter. The stomata condition of shoots on
microbox with green filter were similar with those of
mother plants in green house, while different condition of
stomata were found on shoots grown in microbox with
yellow filter or without filter. In normal environment such
as at the field and green house, most of stomata were
closed, in microbox provided with filter on the closure,
most of stomata were half open, while on microbox without
filter most of stomata were wide open.
bstrak
Dalam kultur jaringan tanaman, tabung/botol kultur
ditutup rapat dengan penutup yang dilengkapi ulir,
aluminium foil, parafilm atau plastik wrap. Kondisi
tersebut menghambat pertukaran udara dalam tabung kultur
sehingga sering memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap
pertumbuhan eksplan. Penggunaan penutup berventilasi
dapat meningkatkan kualitas udara dalam lingkungan
tabung/botol kultur. Oleh karena itu microbox dengan
penutup berfilter diuji sebagai wadah untuk menumbuhkan
eksplan karet pada tahap multiplikasi, yaitu microbox
berfilter kuning dengan nilai Kv sebesar 13,09 (Gas
Exchange (GE)/hari dan berfilter hijau dengan nilai Kv
sebesar 81,35 GE/hari, sedangkan sebagai kontrol adalah
microbox tanpa filter (tertutup rapat). Penelitian bertujuan
mengamati kondisi tunas di dalam microbox berfilter,
meliputi morfologi, stomata dan kandungan klorofil. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tunas tidak berbeda
nyata pada masing-masing microbox. Jumlah daun baru
dan daun gugur berbeda nyata, dimana pembentukan daun
baru terbanyak terdapat pada tunas dalam microbox
berfilter kuning maupun hijau. Ukuran dan warna daun
terlihat normal pada tunas dalam microbox berfilter hijau.
Analisis kandungan klorofil tidak menunjukkan perbedaan
nyata, namun pengamatan visual menunjukkan bahwa daun
lebih hijau pada microbox dengan filter hijau. Kondisi
stomata daun dari tunas dalam microbox dengan penutup
berfilter hijau menyerupai stomata tanaman induk yang
terdapat di rumah kaca dan lapangan, sedangkan kondisi
stomata berbeda ditemukan pada tunas dalam microbox
berfilter kuning atau tanpa filter. Pada lingkungan normal
seperti lapangan dan rumah kaca, sebagian besar stomata
menutup, pada wadah dengan tutup berfilter stomata agak
membuka sedangkan pada microbox tanpa filter sebagian
besar stomata terbuka lebar.
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