Optimasi produksi diasilgliserol dari crude palm oil menggunakan lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 Optimation of diacylglycerol production from crude palm oil using specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from Rhizopus oryzae TP-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.69Keywords:
Fatty acid, lipase enzyme, vegetable oil, Rhizopus oryzae, glycerolysAbstract
Abstract
Modern lifestyle caused the increasing prevalence of
obesity that precedes degenerative disease such as coronary
cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, stroke, and
diabetes mellitus. Use of healthy oil in the daily food diet could
reduce the risk of the disease. One of healthy oils that proved to
be useful for human health is diacylglycerol (DAG).
Unfortunately, production of DAG in Indonesia is hampered by
the relatively high price of the lipase enzyme. To overcome the
provision of costly imported lipase in producing DAG, a
research was conducted by employing crude extract of lipase
enzyme from an indigenous mold namely Rhizopus oryzae
TP-2. Crude extract of lipase enzyme from mycelium culture
filtrate was freeze dryed and used for crude palm oil (CPO)
bioconversion through glycerolysis at various process
condition. The objective of this research was to determine
optimum variable of temperature, incubation time, amount of
substrate and pH in producing DAG from CPO using lipase of
R. oryzae TP-2. The reseach result showed that lipase from
R. oryzae TP-2 was proved to be specific at position of 1,3-
glyceride as indicated by glycerolysis products i.e DAG/TAG
ratio 0.48 higher than that of FFA/TAG ratio 0.06. Optimum
conditions for glycerolysis were at temperature 37 o C, pH 7,
3 g of CPO substrate, and 18 hours of incubation time. DAG
yield by this optimum condition reach as much as 20.76 % w/w.
The lipase derived from this experiment produced DAG better
than that of using imported commercially lipase enzyme of
Rhizomucor meihei.
Abstrak
Gaya hidup modern telah menyebabkan meningkatnya
kasus kegemukan yang berdampak timbulnya berbagai
penyakit degeneratif seperti jantung koroner, hiper-
kolesterolemia, stroke dan diabetes mellitus. Penggunaan
minyak sehat (healthy oil) sebagai menu diet sehari-hari dapat
mengurangi faktor risiko penyakit tersebut. Salah satu jenis
minyak sehat yang terbukti berdampak positif pada kesehatan
manusia adalah diasilgliserol (DAG). Sayangnya, produksi
DAG di Indonesia terkendala oleh mahalnya enzim lipase
spesifik 1,3-gliserida yang masih harus diimpor. Untuk
mengatasi mahalnya enzim lipase impor dalam produksi DAG
dari CPO, penelitian penggunaan ekstrak kasar lipase dari
kapang lokal Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 telah dilakukan. Ekstrak
kasar lipase dari filtrat kultur miselium R. oryzae TP-2
dikeringbekukan dan digunakan untuk biokonversi CPO
melalui proses gliserolisis pada berbagai kondisi reaksi.
Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan peubah suhu, waktu, jumlah
substrat dan pH optimum dalam produksi DAG menggunakan
lipase dari R. oryzae TP-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa enzim lipase R. oryzae TP-2 bersifat spesifik
1,3-gliserida yang ditunjukkan oleh nisbah DAG/TAG, yaitu
0,48 lebih besar dari nisbah ALB/TAG yaitu sebesar 0,06.
Kondisi optimum untuk gliserolisis CPO adalah waktu inkubasi
selama 18 jam, suhu reaksi 37°C, jumlah substrat CPO 3 g, dan
pH reaksi 7. Hasil DAG pada kondisi optimum gliserolisis
adalah 20,76 %. (b/b). Lipase R. oryzae TP-2 yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan DAG lebih tinggi dari pada
lipase impor asal Rhizomucor meihei.
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