Biokonversi CPO dengan desaturase amobil sistem kontinu pada skala semipilot untuk produksi minyak mengandung GLA Bioconversion of CPO using immobilized desaturase in continuous system at semipilot scale to produce oil containing GLA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v74i2.111Keywords:
Absidia corymbifera, CPO biocon-version, desaturase enzyme, enzyme immobilization, gamma-linolenic acidAbstract
Summary
Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid having high economic value as healthy oil. Research at laboratory scale showed that Absidia corymbifera and Rhizopus sp. fungi have the ability to increase unsaturation level of crude palm oil (CPO) and GLA formation through enzymatic bioconversion. Stability of desatu-rase enzyme, especially ∆6 and ∆12 having significant role in this process could be enhanced by applying immobilization technique. The current research objective was to determine optimum process of CPO bio-conversion using immobilized desaturase enzyme using continuous system at semipilot scale to produce CPO containing GLA. Crude desaturase enzyme of A. corymbifera biomass was immobilized with zeolite particles and used for optimization of CPO bioconversion in continuous system at semipilot scale (15,000 mL per day). Optimization of bio-conversion conditions included flow rate of substrate, size of zeolite for immobilization, and enzyme stability during process. The result showed that desaturase immobilized in small size particles of zeolite (1-3 mm) gave higher increase unsaturation level with average desaturase activity of 7.84 U, compared to that immobilized in larger zeolite particles (8-10 mm), which reached average desaturase activity of 4.67 U. However, the use of small zeolite particles often caused plugging substrate flow. The activity of immobilized desaturase in continuous system was stable for 9-18 hours. Optimum flow rate of substrate using small zeolite particles (1-3 mm) was 850 mL/min, while that of using larger zeolite particles (8-10 mm) was 875 mL/min. The bioconversion of CPO at optimum condition yielding 1.58% (w/w) GLA from initial concentration of linolenic acid 0.29%.
Ringkasan
Asam γ-linolenat (GLA) merupakan asam lemak takjenuh majemuk yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi sebagai minyak kesehatan. Penelitian pada skala laboratorium me-nunjukkan bahwa Absidia corymbifera dan Rhizopus sp. memiliki kemampuan untuk me-ningkatkan ketidak-jenuhan minyak sawit mentah (CPO) dan menghasilkan GLA melalui biokonversi enzimatis. Stabilitas enzim desaturase, khususnya ∆6 dan ∆12yang berperan pada proses ini dapat ditingkatkan antara lain melalui teknik amobilisasi. Penelitian lanjutan ini bertujuan menetapkan kondisi optimum biokonversi CPO untuk menghasilkan minyak yang kaya akan asam lemak takjenuh majemuk, khususnya GLA menggunakan enzim desaturase amobil sistem kontinu pada skala semipilot. Ekstrak kasar enzim desaturase asal biomassa fungi A. corymbifera diamobilisasi dengan butiran zeolit dan selanjutnya digunakan untuk optimasi proses biokonversi secara kontinu pada skala semipilot (15.000 mL per hari). Optimasi proses kontinu meliputi laju alir substrat, ukuran butiran zeolit, dan stabilitas enzim selama proses. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan bahwa desaturase yang diamobilisasi pada zeolit berukuran kecil (1-3 mm) memberikan peningkatan ketidakjenuhan yang lebih tinggi dengan aktivitas rata-rata 7,84 U, dibandingkan dengan yang diamobilisasi pada zeolit berukuran besar (8-10 mm) dengan aktivitas rata-rata 4,67 U. Namun, penggunaan zeolit berukuran kecil sering menimbulkan sumbatan aliran substrat. Aktivitas desaturase amobil pada proses kontinu dapat bertahan selama 9-18 jam. Laju alir optimum substrat pada penggunaan zeolit berukuran kecil (1-3 mm) adalah 850 mL/menit, sedangkan pada penggunaan zeolit besar (8-10 mm) adalah 875 mL/menit. Biokonversi CPO pada kondisi optimum menghasilkan GLA 1,58% (b/b) dari kandungan asam linolenat awal 0,29%tration of linolenic acid 0.29%.
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