Perbanyakan in vitro tanaman kina (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) melalui tunas aksiler dan apikal In vitro propagation of cinchona (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) from axillary and apical buds

Abstract

Abstract
The use of the appropriate source of nodal
bud explants in culture can increase the
effectiveness and efficiency of shoot
multiplication. An experiment was conducted to
determine and compare the rate of in vitro shoot
multiplication from apical and axillary buds
in cinchona (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) and
their subsequent growth and development. The
plant material used was Cinchona ledgeriana
originating from the Indonesian Tea and
Cinchona Research Institute, Gambung, West
Java. Explants were taken from apical and
axillary nodes from in vitro germinated seedlings.
The cultures were incubated at 26 0 C and 60%
relative humidity under a 14-h photoperiod with
light intensity of 30 µmol photon/m 2 /sec.
provided by cool-white fluorescent tubes (TL
40 W) for 4 - 8 weeks. The parameters observed
were shoot multiplication rate, shoot growth and
development such as shoot length, leaf number
and rooting frequency. Apical and axillary nodes
produced shoots at different multiplication rates
on Murashige-Skoog (MS) standard medium
containing 30 g/L sucrose and supplemented with
1 – 5 mg/L BA in combination with 0.1 mg/L IBA.
Furthermore, shoots or plantlets of cinchona
grew and developed on the same media
containing 5 – 10 mg/L IAA combined with
0.5 mg/L IBA. The results showed that shoot
multiplication rate was higher in axillary than in
apical nodes. The highest multiplication rate in
axillary nodes was 24.6 shootlets with 3 mg/L
BA treatment, whereas in apical nodes it was
17.2 shootlets with 5 mg/L BA treatment for eight

weeks. The highest rooting frequency of
cinchona plantlet was 90%, achieved with 5 mg/L
IAA in combination with 0.5 mg/L IBA. The
plantlets were successfully acclimatized and
transplanted to the field

Abstrak
Sumber eksplan berupa nodus/tunas pada
kultur in vitro umum digunakan untuk multi-
plikasi tunas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
membandingkan tingkat multiplikasi antara tunas
apikal dengan tunas aksiler tanaman kina Ledger
secara in vitro. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan
adalah kina Ledger (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens)
yang berasal dari Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina,
Gambung, Jawa Barat. Eksplan berupa nodus/
tunas apikal dan aksiler asal biji yang dikecam-
bahkan secara in vitro. Kultur tersebut diinku-
basikan dalam ruang terang pada intensitas
cahaya 30 μmol foton/m 2 /detik dengan periode
penyinaran 14 jam pada suhu 26
0 C dan
kelembaban relatif + 60% selama 4 – 8 minggu.
Parameter yang diamati adalah perbandingan
multiplikasi tunas dan pertumbuhan tunas yang
meliputi rata-rata tinggi tunas, jumlah daun dan
frekuensi pengakaran. Nodus apikal maupun
aksiler menghasilkan tunas dengan tingkat
Murashige-Skoog (MS) standar yang me-
ngandung sukrosa30 g/L dan ditambahkan BA
1 – 5 mg/L dikombinasikan IBA 0,1 mg/L.
Selanjutnya tunas/planlet kina tersebut berhasil

tumbuhdan berkembang pada medium sama yang
diberi IAA 5 – 10 mg/L dikombinasikan dengan
IBA 0,5 mg/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa tingkat multiplikasi tunas aksiler lebih
tinggi dari pada tunas apikal. Multiplikasi tunas
aksiler menghasilkan jumlah tunas rata-rata
tertinggi sebesar 24,6 tunas per eksplan pada
perlakuan BA 3 mg/L sedangkan multiplikasi
tunas apikal tertinggi sebesar 17,2 tunas per
eksplan pada perlakuan BA 5 mg/L pada umur
delapan minggu. Frekuensi pengakaran planlet
kina tertinggi mencapai 90% pada perlakuan IAA
10 mg/L yang dikombinasikan dengan IBA 0,5
mg/L. Planlet yang dihasilkan telah berhasil
diaklimatisasi dan dipindahkan ke tempat
persemaian lapang.